Asphalt and Sunless Depths

Francie Diep reports on hostile environments which still have life.

-DD

Plants Might Feel Pain

Peter Wohlleben muses on the reactions of plants to light and painful stimuli.

-DD

Oxygen and Life

Jasmin Tayag writes about the history of life on earth , and how life seems to have begun in an atmosphere without oxygen over a billion years ago. Rocks with evidence of oxidation date back perhaps a half billion year ago, Charcoal from ancient forest fires has not been found before 400 million years ago.

-DD